What are the materials of sports protective equipment? What is the difference between soft and hard materials

1. Helmets are mostly used by skaters, skateboarders, cyclists, rock climbers and other athletes. Helmets can reduce or even eliminate the impact injury of objects on the head to ensure safety. The shock absorption effect of helmet can be divided into soft protection and hard protection. During impact, soft protection reduces the impact force by increasing the impact distance, and all the kinetic energy of impact is transferred to the head; Hard protection does not increase the impact distance, but digests kinetic energy through its own fragmentation. 2. Goggles goggles are auxiliary equipment used to protect eyes. Their main function is to prevent eye damage caused by strong light and sand. Protective glasses have the characteristics of transparency, good elasticity and not easy to crack. 3. Wrist guards are mostly used by ball players such as volleyball, basketball and badminton. Wrist guard can effectively reduce the excessive flexion and extension of the wrist, especially the ball speed of tennis is very fast. Wearing wrist guard can reduce the impact on the wrist at the moment of ball touch and protect the wrist. 4. Waist protection is mostly used by weightlifters and throwing athletes, and some athletes often use it when doing heavy load strength training. The waist is the middle link of the human body. As a heavy load strength training, it needs to be transmitted through the center of the waist. When the waist strength is insufficient or the action is incorrect, it will be injured. The use of waist protection can effectively support and fix, and can effectively prevent lumbar sprain. 5. Knee pads are mostly used by ball players such as volleyball, basketball and badminton. People who carry out heavy-duty sports such as weightlifting and fitness also often use them. The use of knee pads can better fix the joints, reduce the collision and wear of joints in sports, and prevent the damage to the epidermis when falling in sports. 6. Ankle protection is generally used by sprinters and jumpers in track and field events. The use of ankle protection can fix and protect the ankle joint, prevent ankle sprain, and prevent excessive elongation of Achilles tendon. For athletes with ankle injury, it can also effectively reduce the range of joint activity, reduce pain and accelerate recovery.